{"AppService":{"cookies":{"deviceId":"dd82943284fc4be9896c125b8fc54fce"}},"I18nService":{"test":1,"language":"tr"},"AuthService":{"cookies":{"accounts":[]}},"SearchService":{"text":"","isActive":false,"activeTab":null,"searchCall":{"_currentCall":null,"result":null,"error":null,"isExecuting":false,"isError":false,"wasExecuted":false,"resultArray":null,"hasMore":true,"totalItems":0,"totalPages":0},"searchByTypeCall":{"_currentCall":null,"result":null,"error":null,"isExecuting":false,"isError":false,"wasExecuted":false,"resultArray":null,"hasMore":true,"totalItems":0,"totalPages":0}},"PersonDetailService":{"personDetailCall":{"_currentCall":{"args":[{"actor_id":"66ca79b35d5a9135b00932ba"}],"result":{"error_code":0,"data":{"details":{"_id":"66ca79b35d5a9135b00932ba","name":"Ziga Virc","image":null,"bio":"Ziga Virc graduated from the Academy of Theatre, Radio, Film and Television (AGRFT, University of Ljubljana) in Film and Television Directing.

After the success of the internet trilogy "Tine Strela", he directed the short "Triest is Ours!", while still attending university. The short film upset the Italian political leadership, with the foreign minister at the head. "Triest is Ours!" received a Student Academy Award 2010 nomination, the AGRFT and the Preseren Student Award 2010, 4 Goldilocks awards (AGRFT awards) and the national Vesna award for actor in lead role at the Slovenian Film Festival 2010.

In 2012 he directed 4 documentaries for the national television RTV Slovenija with his production company Studio Virc. "Klic gora" is a movie honouring the 100th anniversary of organised mountain rescue in Slovenia that received 3 awards at the Mountain Film Festival 2012. The movie "Vojne igre" is a documentary about the Triglav society which reenacts battles from World War II. "Pravljica o povodnem mozu", a story about disabled persons diving, is also one of his projects.

In 2012 the trailer for his new project about the Yugoslav space program, titled "Houston, We Have a Problem!" gained international recognition, with 1 million YouTube views in three days. The movie saw it's premiere at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival.

The horror movie "Emonske poljane" is in pre-production since 2015.","jobs":["Yönetmen"],"imdb_id":"nm4069208","jw_id":141626,"bio_updated":true,"updated_at":"2024-12-29 09:25:22"},"contents":[{"_id":"66ca79b45d5a9135b00932bb","remote_id":"666a0989e63580bed505769f","title":"Houston, We Have a Problem!","category_ids":"5fec4fdc95675ff6952edeaf","type":2,"self_link":"film/houston-we-have-a-problem","publish_time":"2016-05-05","image":"https://omzcdn.omuz.com/medias/JWLYssbVRpkVL1D0XCbJqrBO/JWLYssbVRpkVL1D0XCbJqrBO-small.jpeg","image_remote_url":"https://images.justwatch.com/poster/307172309/s718/houston-we-have-a-problem.jpg","status":1,"actors":[{"name":"Slavoj Zizek","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMGY4YTM1YTItYmZhMS00NDg5LWIyOTItYjZhMmJkYTgwOTBiXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNDkzNTM2ODg@._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d7e0e73d1e3906f0329e4"},{"name":"Josip Broz Tito","image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BOTRjZWUyMjktMGNhMC00YTk4LWE4NmQtZWM5NzMwZjAxYTU2XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTc4MzI2NQ@@._V1_.jpg","bio":"Marshal Josip Broz Tito, Communist President of Yugoslavia, and 1st Secretary-General\nof the Non-Aligned Movement, was born as Josip Broz on May 7, 1892, in the village of Kumrovec, in\nwhat was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire (present-day Croatia). He\nwas the seventh of 15 children born to Roman Catholic peasants. His\nblacksmith father, Franjo Broz, was a Croat, and his mother, Marija,\nwas Slovene. After spending part of his childhood years with his\nmaternal grandfather in Podsreda (present-day Slovenia), he returned to Kumrovec to attend\nschool. He failed the first grade and left his formal education behind\nin 1905, to be apprenticed with a locksmith. As a journeyman locksmith\nhe moved around the Empire.

The 18-year-old Broz joined the Croatian Social Democratic Party, and\nin 1913, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Imperial Army. At the\nbeginning of World War I, Broz, who had won a silver medal at an army\nfencing competition in May of 1914, was sent to Ruma. It was there he\nbegan to find himself and his life's calling, and was later arrested\nfor anti-war propaganda and imprisoned. He was sent to Galicia to fight\nagainst the Russians and Serbs in 1915, and was seriously wounded by\nshellfire. In April 1915 his entire battalion was captured by the\nRussians.

The wounded Broz spent several months convalescing in a military\nhospital, where he learned to speak Russian. In the fall of 1916 he was\nsent to a work camp in the Ural mountains. While at the camp the first\nRussian Revolution of February 1917 (March, new style) occurred,\nculminating in the abdication of\nTsar Nicholas II on March 15th. Broz\nwas arrested for organizing demonstrations among the prisoners of war\nin April 1917, but he escaped and joined the Bolsheviks in St.\nPetersburg (renamed Petrograd after the first revolution), engaging in\nstreet fighting during the attempted Bolshevik coup d'etat in Petrograd\non July 16-17, 1917.

The Bolshevik insurrection failed to spark a wider revolt and was\ncrushed by forces loyal to\nAleksandr Kerensky, head of the\nprovisional government. Broz fled for Finland to try to avoid arrest, but\nhe was captured and sent to prison. He escaped from a train taking him\nto another work camp and in November joined the Red Army in Omsk,\nSiberia, fighting with the Red Guards in the first years of the Russian\nCivil War, pitting Reds against Whites (royalists). Broz\napplied for membership in the Russian Communist Party in the spring of\n1918.

The Treaty of Versailles incorporated the territory of Croatia into the newly\nestablished Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia),\nand when he returned to his village in 1920, he joined the Communist\nParty of Yugoslavia (KPJ). Now employed as a metalworker, Broz became a\nunion organizer. He was arrested after a Bosnian KPJ member\nassassinated the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, which led to the\noutlawing of the KPJ. Broz switched his organizing activities to the\nunderground, and in April 1927 he had ascended to the KPJ's Committee\nin Zagreb. As a KPJ committeeman he caught the attention of the\nCommunist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Through Soviet influence,\nBroz was raised to the position of deputy of the Politburo of the KPJ\nCentral Committee and named leader of the Croatian and Slovenian\ncommittees.

By 1934 parliamentary democracy in Yugoslavia had been replaced by a\ndictatorship under the Yugoslav king, and the KPJ remained\nbanned. It was in this year, shortly after his release from his latest\nprison sentence, that Broz was named a full member of the KPJ Politburo\nand Central Committee. He adopted nomme de guerre "Tito" to use in\nhis party work (possibly because "tito alba", the owl, a creature of\nthe night, which also represents wisdom).

The newly nicknamed Tito went to the USSR in 1935, where he served in the\nCommunist International's (Comintern) Balkan section. After a year with\nthe Comintern, Tito, who apparently won the confidence of Soviet\ndictator Joseph Stalin, was named\nSecretary-General of the KPJ and returned to Yugoslavia to rebuild the\nparty. Tito filled party posts with his hand-picked replacements.\nEventually his position as Secretary-General of the KPJ was officially\nratified by KPJ members at a secret meeting in Zagreb\nin 1940.

The Yugoslav government was pressured by Germany and Italy to join\nthe Axis Powers. Initially it resisted, but finally threw in its lot with the\nAxis on March 25, 1941, under duress. On March 27th the government was\noverthrown by a pro-Western military coup in Belgrade, thus aborting\nYugoslavia's alliance with the Axis. Ten days later, on April 6th,\nYugoslavia was invaded by German, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops, and\nthe Royal Yugoslav army was vanquished in less than two weeks, surrendering\non April 17th.

When the Axis invaded Yugoslavia in 1941, Stalin ordered the KPJ to\noffer no resistance due to the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact signed\nin August 1939. Despite ample warning, Stalin did not believe\nAdolf Hitler would attack the Soviet Union. What he\ndid not know about the Axis incursion into Yugoslavia was that Hitler\nwas securing his southern flank prior to the launching of Operation\nBarbarossa, the imminent invasion of the USSR. When Germany attacked\nthe USSR in June 1941, it now became a duty for a communist to defend\nhis "motherland" by fighting the Axis powers. Tito called a meeting of\nthe Central committee, which named him Military Commander. The\npartisans' struggle began with Tito's call to arms for the people of\nYugoslavia with the slogan, "Death to Fascism, Freedom to the People!"

Their prior organization as underground communist cells used to\nfunctioning in secrecy and with the strictest discipline meant that\nTito's partisans were very well-organized and extremely effective. His\naim was not only to liberate Yugoslavia but establish the KPJ in\nliberated areas. Revolutionary governments were established in areas\nthe partisans liberated, which foreshadowed the administrative\nstructure of postwar Yugoslavia.

The non-communists, mostly Serbian Chetniks, also fought against the Axis\nand had the support of both the British and the Yugoslav government in exile.\nHowever, they were not seen as effective as Tito's partisans, and the\nUS and the UK switched their support to the partisans after they\nsuccessfully fought off ferocious Axis attacks from January to June\n1943. The partisans were officially recognized at the Tehran\nConference, with the result that Allied arms, supplies and agents were\nparachuted behind Axis lines to assist them. Stilll, Tito refused to\ncooperate with the government-in-exile in London.

After the February 1945 Yalta Conference, at which the parameters of\npostwar Europe were agreed upon, Marshal Tito consolidated his power\nand that of the KPJ by purging his government of non-communists. Tito\nsigned an agreement with the USSR on April 5, 1945, that permitted\n"temporary entry of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory". With the\nhelp of the Red Army, Tito's partisans won the war against the Axis and\ntheir collaborators. Tito then ordered foreign troops off of Yugoslav\nsoil after V-E Day, and turned to eliminating domestic rivals,\nincluding members of the originally anti-fascist Chetnik movement (who\neventually collaborated with the Germans to try to stop Tito) and the\nfascist Ustashe, who from the beginning had supported the Nazis as a\nvassal state in Croatia. Members of both organizations were summarily\ntried and executed en masse. General\nDragoljub Draza Mihailovic, the Chetnik leader, was executed in March 1946.

Winning the rigged November 1945 elections, Tito imposed a new\nconstitution on Yugoslavia. He further consolidated his power by\norganizing a strong army and a secret police force (the UDBA), both of\nwhich were personally loyal to him. In the postwar years Tito used the\nUDBA to eliminate Nazi collaborators. He also targeted Catholic priests\nand those who had opposed the communist-led war effort. The purge was\neventually extended to include even those communists who did not agree\nwith Tito.

Initially, the economy and society were collectivized in Soviet\nfashion, although he did not push for the collectivization of\nagriculture. Tito began to resent Stalin's constant meddling with his\ngovernment and his suggestions on how Tito should run his economy. On\nhis part, Stalin was unhappy with what he perceived as an independent\nforeign policy that was out of sync with Moscow. Stalin tried to depose\nTito but would not go so far as to invade Yugoslavia, whose mountainous\nterrain had hamstrung Hitler's troops and was ideal territory for\npartisan attacks against an organized military force.

Tito denounced the Soviet policy of "... unconditional subordination\nof small socialist countries to one large socialist country." In\nresponse, Stalin had Tito and the KPJ expelled from the Cominform in\nJune 1948. The USSR, through its Common Market-style organization\ncalled Comecon, boycotted Yugoslavia.

Through the vehicle of UDBA, Tito purged the KPJ of hardcore\nStalinists, those that could not be "reeducated." He began\ndecentralizing the economy, putting more power into the hands of\nworkers' councils on the principle of workers' self-management. To keep\nhimself in power and Yugoslavia independent of the USSR, he turned to\nthe West for financial aid. The Greek civil war, pitting mostly\nCommunists against the anti-Communist Greek government, sputtered out\nafter Tito sealed off the border with Greece, effectively keeping arms,\nsupplies and fighters from getting to the Communist rebels.

After the death of Stalin in March 5, 1953, Tito attempted a\nreconciliation with the USSR, meeting with new CPSU party boss Nikita Khrushchev in Belgrade in 1955. The meeting resulted in the\nBelgrade Declaration, which affirmed equality in relations between\ncommunist countries (although in the case of Hungary in 1956 and\nCzechoslovakia in 1968, that equality was observed in the breach rather\nthan the observance).

Freed to a degree of the Soviet threat, Tito's policy of\n"nonengagement" developed into a policy of "nonalignment." He\noverhauled his foreign policy to promote a non-aligned bloc between the\nWest and the Warsaw Pact. Convening a meeting of 25 non-aligned states\nwith India's Jawaharlal Nehru and\nEgypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1956, a\nthird, alternative neutral bloc came into being. Tito traveled\nextensively in the developing world during the 1960s and 1970s to\npromote non-alignment.

On the domestic front, Tito maintained a balance among the different\nethnic groups and nationalities of his multi-ethnic country. It ensured\nstability for as long as the KPJ and the secret police maintained\ncontrol of Yugoslavia. Tito's system of "symetrical federalism," while\npredicated upon the principle of equality among the six republics and\ntwo autonomous provinces, in fact played the nationalities off against\neach other.

His ties with the West encouraged trade, which helped boost\nYugoslavia's standard of living. Yugoslavia's beaches became a top\ntourist destination for Western European tourists, due to their beauty,\nthe relative openness of Yugoslav society and the favorable exchange\nrate, which made an excursion to Yugoslavia very affordable. The\neconomy of some of the Yugoslav provinces, particularly Croatia and\nSlovenia, thrived during the Cold War.

Marshal Tito was styled President-for-Life in 1974. While he allowed a\nfreer exchange of people and ideas than most of the countries in the\ncommunist bloc, the major question of his regime remained would\nYugoslavia survive the death of Tito. Without a strongman and the\nmonopoly on power enjoyed by the KPJ, backed up by the army and the\nsecret police, would Yugoslavia remain a country?

Josip Broz Tito died on May 4, 1980 in a hospital in Ljubljana, Slovenia,\nafter being gravely ill for almost four months. He was the last of the\nWorld War II leaders to leave the world stage, having outlived his\npatron, then nemesis Stalin by almost 30 years. The country that he\nkept together did not outlive him by much more than a decade. Croatian\nnationalists won the first free elections in their republic in April\nand May 1990. The independence of Slovenia was proclaimed on June\n25, 1991. Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina proclaimed their independence on October 8, 1991 and March 3, 1992 respectively, triggering civil wars in those republics, which left Yugoslavia a rump federation consisting only of Serbia and Montenegro.","jobs":["Actor"],"imdb_id":"nm0864482","jw_id":241358,"id":"66ca79b05d5a9135b00932b8"},{"name":"John F. Kennedy","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BOWE2Zjg4NzktNTAzMi00YjQ2LTk1ZmYtMjM4OGE2OTI2MTY3L2ltYWdlL2ltYWdlXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNTAyNDQ2NjI@._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667cec4973d1e3906f026a11"},{"name":"Richard Nixon","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BM2RhOWE3NjgtZjMwMS00YzNmLWJjYjQtZGY2NWVmNTI2N2M4XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNjUxMjc1OTM@._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d0e3773d1e3906f029b94"},{"name":"Bill Clinton","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BNzYwMjc3ODEzOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwNTI1NDM1._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d477573d1e3906f02e8ba"},{"name":"Lyndon B. Johnson","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTEyNTk1MDM4MjheQTJeQWpwZ15BbWU3MDYwNjEyMzg@._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d1cf173d1e3906f02aff0"},{"name":"Dean Rusk","image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BZjNmMjQ1ZjgtNzI4ZS00NzgwLWIwNjItZWJhYjA0NTMxOWViXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNjUxMjc1OTM@._V1_.jpg","bio":"Dean Rusk was born on 9 February 1909 in Lickskillet, Georgia, USA. He was married to Virginia Foisie. He died on 20 December 1994 in Athens, Georgia, USA.","jobs":[],"imdb_id":"nm0750807","jw_id":1607765,"id":"66ca79b25d5a9135b00932b9"},{"name":"Jimmy Carter","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTgzNzEzODU3MV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwMzg5NTQz._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d1ee573d1e3906f02b29e"},{"name":"Ziga Virc","image":null,"bio":"Ziga Virc graduated from the Academy of Theatre, Radio, Film and Television (AGRFT, University of Ljubljana) in Film and Television Directing.

After the success of the internet trilogy "Tine Strela", he directed the short "Triest is Ours!", while still attending university. The short film upset the Italian political leadership, with the foreign minister at the head. "Triest is Ours!" received a Student Academy Award 2010 nomination, the AGRFT and the Preseren Student Award 2010, 4 Goldilocks awards (AGRFT awards) and the national Vesna award for actor in lead role at the Slovenian Film Festival 2010.

In 2012 he directed 4 documentaries for the national television RTV Slovenija with his production company Studio Virc. "Klic gora" is a movie honouring the 100th anniversary of organised mountain rescue in Slovenia that received 3 awards at the Mountain Film Festival 2012. The movie "Vojne igre" is a documentary about the Triglav society which reenacts battles from World War II. "Pravljica o povodnem mozu", a story about disabled persons diving, is also one of his projects.

In 2012 the trailer for his new project about the Yugoslav space program, titled "Houston, We Have a Problem!" gained international recognition, with 1 million YouTube views in three days. The movie saw it's premiere at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival.

The horror movie "Emonske poljane" is in pre-production since 2015.","jobs":["Director","Writer","Script and Continuity Department"],"imdb_id":"nm4069208","jw_id":141626,"id":"66ca79b35d5a9135b00932ba"}],"directors":[],"ageLimit":"13+","imdb_rating":{"rating_count":3656,"rating_value":7.8},"rating":{"count":3656,"value":7.8},"description":"Soğuk savaş, uzay yarışı ve NASA'nın aya inişi bir dönemi tanımlayan dönüm noktası niteliğinde olaylardır. Ama aynı zamanda komplo teorileri için de birer yemdirler. Houston, Bir Sorunumuz Var! filminde yönetmen Žiga Virc her iki cephede de tartışmaya yeni malzemeler ekliyor. Bu ilgi çekici belgesel-kurgu, 1960'ların başında Amerika'nın Yugoslavya'nın gizli uzay programını satın almasının ardındaki milyarlarca dolarlık gizli anlaşma efsanesini araştırıyor.","remote_links":[{"title":"imdb","url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5518022"}],"trailers":{"yt_id":null,"omz_id":null,"imdb_id":"tt5518022"},"details":{"duration_time":{"title":"Süresi","value":93},"genres":{"title":"Türler","value":[{"title":"Komedi","id":"61069ef748be0608f4766f44"},{"title":"Belgesel","id":"61069ef648be0608f4766f42"},{"title":"Tarih","id":"61069efc48be0608f4766f57"},{"title":"Europe","id":"65ef044365ad595b79043b03"}]},"warnings":{"title":"Uyarılar","value":[]},"original_title":{"title":"Orijinal Adı","value":"Houston, We Have a Problem!"}},"jw_order":0,"jw_id":"tm246024","top_provider":null,"topten":0,"updated_at":"2024-12-28 18:56:28","jw_update":1735401388,"translate":true,"was_added_to_list":false,"display_rating":{"count":3656,"value":7.8}}],"events_contents":[]}}},"result":{"error_code":0,"data":{"details":{"_id":"66ca79b35d5a9135b00932ba","name":"Ziga Virc","image":null,"bio":"Ziga Virc graduated from the Academy of Theatre, Radio, Film and Television (AGRFT, University of Ljubljana) in Film and Television Directing.

After the success of the internet trilogy "Tine Strela", he directed the short "Triest is Ours!", while still attending university. The short film upset the Italian political leadership, with the foreign minister at the head. "Triest is Ours!" received a Student Academy Award 2010 nomination, the AGRFT and the Preseren Student Award 2010, 4 Goldilocks awards (AGRFT awards) and the national Vesna award for actor in lead role at the Slovenian Film Festival 2010.

In 2012 he directed 4 documentaries for the national television RTV Slovenija with his production company Studio Virc. "Klic gora" is a movie honouring the 100th anniversary of organised mountain rescue in Slovenia that received 3 awards at the Mountain Film Festival 2012. The movie "Vojne igre" is a documentary about the Triglav society which reenacts battles from World War II. "Pravljica o povodnem mozu", a story about disabled persons diving, is also one of his projects.

In 2012 the trailer for his new project about the Yugoslav space program, titled "Houston, We Have a Problem!" gained international recognition, with 1 million YouTube views in three days. The movie saw it's premiere at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival.

The horror movie "Emonske poljane" is in pre-production since 2015.","jobs":["Yönetmen"],"imdb_id":"nm4069208","jw_id":141626,"bio_updated":true,"updated_at":"2024-12-29 09:25:22"},"contents":[{"_id":"66ca79b45d5a9135b00932bb","remote_id":"666a0989e63580bed505769f","title":"Houston, We Have a Problem!","category_ids":"5fec4fdc95675ff6952edeaf","type":2,"self_link":"film/houston-we-have-a-problem","publish_time":"2016-05-05","image":"https://omzcdn.omuz.com/medias/JWLYssbVRpkVL1D0XCbJqrBO/JWLYssbVRpkVL1D0XCbJqrBO-small.jpeg","image_remote_url":"https://images.justwatch.com/poster/307172309/s718/houston-we-have-a-problem.jpg","status":1,"actors":[{"name":"Slavoj Zizek","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMGY4YTM1YTItYmZhMS00NDg5LWIyOTItYjZhMmJkYTgwOTBiXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNDkzNTM2ODg@._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d7e0e73d1e3906f0329e4"},{"name":"Josip Broz Tito","image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BOTRjZWUyMjktMGNhMC00YTk4LWE4NmQtZWM5NzMwZjAxYTU2XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTc4MzI2NQ@@._V1_.jpg","bio":"Marshal Josip Broz Tito, Communist President of Yugoslavia, and 1st Secretary-General\nof the Non-Aligned Movement, was born as Josip Broz on May 7, 1892, in the village of Kumrovec, in\nwhat was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire (present-day Croatia). He\nwas the seventh of 15 children born to Roman Catholic peasants. His\nblacksmith father, Franjo Broz, was a Croat, and his mother, Marija,\nwas Slovene. After spending part of his childhood years with his\nmaternal grandfather in Podsreda (present-day Slovenia), he returned to Kumrovec to attend\nschool. He failed the first grade and left his formal education behind\nin 1905, to be apprenticed with a locksmith. As a journeyman locksmith\nhe moved around the Empire.

The 18-year-old Broz joined the Croatian Social Democratic Party, and\nin 1913, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Imperial Army. At the\nbeginning of World War I, Broz, who had won a silver medal at an army\nfencing competition in May of 1914, was sent to Ruma. It was there he\nbegan to find himself and his life's calling, and was later arrested\nfor anti-war propaganda and imprisoned. He was sent to Galicia to fight\nagainst the Russians and Serbs in 1915, and was seriously wounded by\nshellfire. In April 1915 his entire battalion was captured by the\nRussians.

The wounded Broz spent several months convalescing in a military\nhospital, where he learned to speak Russian. In the fall of 1916 he was\nsent to a work camp in the Ural mountains. While at the camp the first\nRussian Revolution of February 1917 (March, new style) occurred,\nculminating in the abdication of\nTsar Nicholas II on March 15th. Broz\nwas arrested for organizing demonstrations among the prisoners of war\nin April 1917, but he escaped and joined the Bolsheviks in St.\nPetersburg (renamed Petrograd after the first revolution), engaging in\nstreet fighting during the attempted Bolshevik coup d'etat in Petrograd\non July 16-17, 1917.

The Bolshevik insurrection failed to spark a wider revolt and was\ncrushed by forces loyal to\nAleksandr Kerensky, head of the\nprovisional government. Broz fled for Finland to try to avoid arrest, but\nhe was captured and sent to prison. He escaped from a train taking him\nto another work camp and in November joined the Red Army in Omsk,\nSiberia, fighting with the Red Guards in the first years of the Russian\nCivil War, pitting Reds against Whites (royalists). Broz\napplied for membership in the Russian Communist Party in the spring of\n1918.

The Treaty of Versailles incorporated the territory of Croatia into the newly\nestablished Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia),\nand when he returned to his village in 1920, he joined the Communist\nParty of Yugoslavia (KPJ). Now employed as a metalworker, Broz became a\nunion organizer. He was arrested after a Bosnian KPJ member\nassassinated the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, which led to the\noutlawing of the KPJ. Broz switched his organizing activities to the\nunderground, and in April 1927 he had ascended to the KPJ's Committee\nin Zagreb. As a KPJ committeeman he caught the attention of the\nCommunist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Through Soviet influence,\nBroz was raised to the position of deputy of the Politburo of the KPJ\nCentral Committee and named leader of the Croatian and Slovenian\ncommittees.

By 1934 parliamentary democracy in Yugoslavia had been replaced by a\ndictatorship under the Yugoslav king, and the KPJ remained\nbanned. It was in this year, shortly after his release from his latest\nprison sentence, that Broz was named a full member of the KPJ Politburo\nand Central Committee. He adopted nomme de guerre "Tito" to use in\nhis party work (possibly because "tito alba", the owl, a creature of\nthe night, which also represents wisdom).

The newly nicknamed Tito went to the USSR in 1935, where he served in the\nCommunist International's (Comintern) Balkan section. After a year with\nthe Comintern, Tito, who apparently won the confidence of Soviet\ndictator Joseph Stalin, was named\nSecretary-General of the KPJ and returned to Yugoslavia to rebuild the\nparty. Tito filled party posts with his hand-picked replacements.\nEventually his position as Secretary-General of the KPJ was officially\nratified by KPJ members at a secret meeting in Zagreb\nin 1940.

The Yugoslav government was pressured by Germany and Italy to join\nthe Axis Powers. Initially it resisted, but finally threw in its lot with the\nAxis on March 25, 1941, under duress. On March 27th the government was\noverthrown by a pro-Western military coup in Belgrade, thus aborting\nYugoslavia's alliance with the Axis. Ten days later, on April 6th,\nYugoslavia was invaded by German, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops, and\nthe Royal Yugoslav army was vanquished in less than two weeks, surrendering\non April 17th.

When the Axis invaded Yugoslavia in 1941, Stalin ordered the KPJ to\noffer no resistance due to the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact signed\nin August 1939. Despite ample warning, Stalin did not believe\nAdolf Hitler would attack the Soviet Union. What he\ndid not know about the Axis incursion into Yugoslavia was that Hitler\nwas securing his southern flank prior to the launching of Operation\nBarbarossa, the imminent invasion of the USSR. When Germany attacked\nthe USSR in June 1941, it now became a duty for a communist to defend\nhis "motherland" by fighting the Axis powers. Tito called a meeting of\nthe Central committee, which named him Military Commander. The\npartisans' struggle began with Tito's call to arms for the people of\nYugoslavia with the slogan, "Death to Fascism, Freedom to the People!"

Their prior organization as underground communist cells used to\nfunctioning in secrecy and with the strictest discipline meant that\nTito's partisans were very well-organized and extremely effective. His\naim was not only to liberate Yugoslavia but establish the KPJ in\nliberated areas. Revolutionary governments were established in areas\nthe partisans liberated, which foreshadowed the administrative\nstructure of postwar Yugoslavia.

The non-communists, mostly Serbian Chetniks, also fought against the Axis\nand had the support of both the British and the Yugoslav government in exile.\nHowever, they were not seen as effective as Tito's partisans, and the\nUS and the UK switched their support to the partisans after they\nsuccessfully fought off ferocious Axis attacks from January to June\n1943. The partisans were officially recognized at the Tehran\nConference, with the result that Allied arms, supplies and agents were\nparachuted behind Axis lines to assist them. Stilll, Tito refused to\ncooperate with the government-in-exile in London.

After the February 1945 Yalta Conference, at which the parameters of\npostwar Europe were agreed upon, Marshal Tito consolidated his power\nand that of the KPJ by purging his government of non-communists. Tito\nsigned an agreement with the USSR on April 5, 1945, that permitted\n"temporary entry of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory". With the\nhelp of the Red Army, Tito's partisans won the war against the Axis and\ntheir collaborators. Tito then ordered foreign troops off of Yugoslav\nsoil after V-E Day, and turned to eliminating domestic rivals,\nincluding members of the originally anti-fascist Chetnik movement (who\neventually collaborated with the Germans to try to stop Tito) and the\nfascist Ustashe, who from the beginning had supported the Nazis as a\nvassal state in Croatia. Members of both organizations were summarily\ntried and executed en masse. General\nDragoljub Draza Mihailovic, the Chetnik leader, was executed in March 1946.

Winning the rigged November 1945 elections, Tito imposed a new\nconstitution on Yugoslavia. He further consolidated his power by\norganizing a strong army and a secret police force (the UDBA), both of\nwhich were personally loyal to him. In the postwar years Tito used the\nUDBA to eliminate Nazi collaborators. He also targeted Catholic priests\nand those who had opposed the communist-led war effort. The purge was\neventually extended to include even those communists who did not agree\nwith Tito.

Initially, the economy and society were collectivized in Soviet\nfashion, although he did not push for the collectivization of\nagriculture. Tito began to resent Stalin's constant meddling with his\ngovernment and his suggestions on how Tito should run his economy. On\nhis part, Stalin was unhappy with what he perceived as an independent\nforeign policy that was out of sync with Moscow. Stalin tried to depose\nTito but would not go so far as to invade Yugoslavia, whose mountainous\nterrain had hamstrung Hitler's troops and was ideal territory for\npartisan attacks against an organized military force.

Tito denounced the Soviet policy of "... unconditional subordination\nof small socialist countries to one large socialist country." In\nresponse, Stalin had Tito and the KPJ expelled from the Cominform in\nJune 1948. The USSR, through its Common Market-style organization\ncalled Comecon, boycotted Yugoslavia.

Through the vehicle of UDBA, Tito purged the KPJ of hardcore\nStalinists, those that could not be "reeducated." He began\ndecentralizing the economy, putting more power into the hands of\nworkers' councils on the principle of workers' self-management. To keep\nhimself in power and Yugoslavia independent of the USSR, he turned to\nthe West for financial aid. The Greek civil war, pitting mostly\nCommunists against the anti-Communist Greek government, sputtered out\nafter Tito sealed off the border with Greece, effectively keeping arms,\nsupplies and fighters from getting to the Communist rebels.

After the death of Stalin in March 5, 1953, Tito attempted a\nreconciliation with the USSR, meeting with new CPSU party boss Nikita Khrushchev in Belgrade in 1955. The meeting resulted in the\nBelgrade Declaration, which affirmed equality in relations between\ncommunist countries (although in the case of Hungary in 1956 and\nCzechoslovakia in 1968, that equality was observed in the breach rather\nthan the observance).

Freed to a degree of the Soviet threat, Tito's policy of\n"nonengagement" developed into a policy of "nonalignment." He\noverhauled his foreign policy to promote a non-aligned bloc between the\nWest and the Warsaw Pact. Convening a meeting of 25 non-aligned states\nwith India's Jawaharlal Nehru and\nEgypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1956, a\nthird, alternative neutral bloc came into being. Tito traveled\nextensively in the developing world during the 1960s and 1970s to\npromote non-alignment.

On the domestic front, Tito maintained a balance among the different\nethnic groups and nationalities of his multi-ethnic country. It ensured\nstability for as long as the KPJ and the secret police maintained\ncontrol of Yugoslavia. Tito's system of "symetrical federalism," while\npredicated upon the principle of equality among the six republics and\ntwo autonomous provinces, in fact played the nationalities off against\neach other.

His ties with the West encouraged trade, which helped boost\nYugoslavia's standard of living. Yugoslavia's beaches became a top\ntourist destination for Western European tourists, due to their beauty,\nthe relative openness of Yugoslav society and the favorable exchange\nrate, which made an excursion to Yugoslavia very affordable. The\neconomy of some of the Yugoslav provinces, particularly Croatia and\nSlovenia, thrived during the Cold War.

Marshal Tito was styled President-for-Life in 1974. While he allowed a\nfreer exchange of people and ideas than most of the countries in the\ncommunist bloc, the major question of his regime remained would\nYugoslavia survive the death of Tito. Without a strongman and the\nmonopoly on power enjoyed by the KPJ, backed up by the army and the\nsecret police, would Yugoslavia remain a country?

Josip Broz Tito died on May 4, 1980 in a hospital in Ljubljana, Slovenia,\nafter being gravely ill for almost four months. He was the last of the\nWorld War II leaders to leave the world stage, having outlived his\npatron, then nemesis Stalin by almost 30 years. The country that he\nkept together did not outlive him by much more than a decade. Croatian\nnationalists won the first free elections in their republic in April\nand May 1990. The independence of Slovenia was proclaimed on June\n25, 1991. Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina proclaimed their independence on October 8, 1991 and March 3, 1992 respectively, triggering civil wars in those republics, which left Yugoslavia a rump federation consisting only of Serbia and Montenegro.","jobs":["Actor"],"imdb_id":"nm0864482","jw_id":241358,"id":"66ca79b05d5a9135b00932b8"},{"name":"John F. Kennedy","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BOWE2Zjg4NzktNTAzMi00YjQ2LTk1ZmYtMjM4OGE2OTI2MTY3L2ltYWdlL2ltYWdlXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNTAyNDQ2NjI@._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667cec4973d1e3906f026a11"},{"name":"Richard Nixon","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BM2RhOWE3NjgtZjMwMS00YzNmLWJjYjQtZGY2NWVmNTI2N2M4XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNjUxMjc1OTM@._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d0e3773d1e3906f029b94"},{"name":"Bill Clinton","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BNzYwMjc3ODEzOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwNTI1NDM1._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d477573d1e3906f02e8ba"},{"name":"Lyndon B. Johnson","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTEyNTk1MDM4MjheQTJeQWpwZ15BbWU3MDYwNjEyMzg@._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d1cf173d1e3906f02aff0"},{"name":"Dean Rusk","image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BZjNmMjQ1ZjgtNzI4ZS00NzgwLWIwNjItZWJhYjA0NTMxOWViXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNjUxMjc1OTM@._V1_.jpg","bio":"Dean Rusk was born on 9 February 1909 in Lickskillet, Georgia, USA. He was married to Virginia Foisie. He died on 20 December 1994 in Athens, Georgia, USA.","jobs":[],"imdb_id":"nm0750807","jw_id":1607765,"id":"66ca79b25d5a9135b00932b9"},{"name":"Jimmy Carter","birthday":null,"image":"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTgzNzEzODU3MV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwMzg5NTQz._V1_.jpg","remote_url":null,"id":"667d1ee573d1e3906f02b29e"},{"name":"Ziga Virc","image":null,"bio":"Ziga Virc graduated from the Academy of Theatre, Radio, Film and Television (AGRFT, University of Ljubljana) in Film and Television Directing.

After the success of the internet trilogy "Tine Strela", he directed the short "Triest is Ours!", while still attending university. The short film upset the Italian political leadership, with the foreign minister at the head. "Triest is Ours!" received a Student Academy Award 2010 nomination, the AGRFT and the Preseren Student Award 2010, 4 Goldilocks awards (AGRFT awards) and the national Vesna award for actor in lead role at the Slovenian Film Festival 2010.

In 2012 he directed 4 documentaries for the national television RTV Slovenija with his production company Studio Virc. "Klic gora" is a movie honouring the 100th anniversary of organised mountain rescue in Slovenia that received 3 awards at the Mountain Film Festival 2012. The movie "Vojne igre" is a documentary about the Triglav society which reenacts battles from World War II. "Pravljica o povodnem mozu", a story about disabled persons diving, is also one of his projects.

In 2012 the trailer for his new project about the Yugoslav space program, titled "Houston, We Have a Problem!" gained international recognition, with 1 million YouTube views in three days. The movie saw it's premiere at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival.

The horror movie "Emonske poljane" is in pre-production since 2015.","jobs":["Director","Writer","Script and Continuity Department"],"imdb_id":"nm4069208","jw_id":141626,"id":"66ca79b35d5a9135b00932ba"}],"directors":[],"ageLimit":"13+","imdb_rating":{"rating_count":3656,"rating_value":7.8},"rating":{"count":3656,"value":7.8},"description":"Soğuk savaş, uzay yarışı ve NASA'nın aya inişi bir dönemi tanımlayan dönüm noktası niteliğinde olaylardır. Ama aynı zamanda komplo teorileri için de birer yemdirler. Houston, Bir Sorunumuz Var! filminde yönetmen Žiga Virc her iki cephede de tartışmaya yeni malzemeler ekliyor. Bu ilgi çekici belgesel-kurgu, 1960'ların başında Amerika'nın Yugoslavya'nın gizli uzay programını satın almasının ardındaki milyarlarca dolarlık gizli anlaşma efsanesini araştırıyor.","remote_links":[{"title":"imdb","url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5518022"}],"trailers":{"yt_id":null,"omz_id":null,"imdb_id":"tt5518022"},"details":{"duration_time":{"title":"Süresi","value":93},"genres":{"title":"Türler","value":[{"title":"Komedi","id":"61069ef748be0608f4766f44"},{"title":"Belgesel","id":"61069ef648be0608f4766f42"},{"title":"Tarih","id":"61069efc48be0608f4766f57"},{"title":"Europe","id":"65ef044365ad595b79043b03"}]},"warnings":{"title":"Uyarılar","value":[]},"original_title":{"title":"Orijinal Adı","value":"Houston, We Have a Problem!"}},"jw_order":0,"jw_id":"tm246024","top_provider":null,"topten":0,"updated_at":"2024-12-28 18:56:28","jw_update":1735401388,"translate":true,"was_added_to_list":false,"display_rating":{"count":3656,"value":7.8}}],"events_contents":[]}},"error":null,"isExecuting":false,"isError":false,"wasExecuted":true},"personId":"66ca79b35d5a9135b00932ba"}}