The Second Spanish Republic aimed to reform and improve the education system. It took as example the gender-mixed secular experiment of the Institute-School (1918) in which teaching methods of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza were successfully tested. In 1932 they opened new centers in Barcelona, Seville and Valencia. At the beginning of the Spanish civil war, this teaching method was pursued, the centers were closed and their teachers forced into exile. Many of them traveled to Mexico where they continued their teaching. An analysis of education, from the point of view of historical, economic, educational and political terms. It goes over a century of history of education in Spain, beginning with the modernizing impulse that the country experienced in the early twentieth century.